a stringent height limitation on the pc boards for personal digital assistants (pdas) and palmtop computers compels the use of expensive, low-profile inductors in switch-mode power supplies. as an alternative, however, certain switch-mode circuits can be replaced with one based on a charge pump (figure 1). this example generates a regulated negative voltage suitable for biasing an lcd.
figure 1. adding a few inexpensive components in the feedback path of ic1 enables the generation of regulated output voltages nearly as high as -4vin.
ic1 contains a regulated, inverting charge pump that produces output voltages as high as -2vin, in which the supply voltage (vin) can range from +1.8v to +5.5v. the ic regulates vout through pulse-frequency modulation (pfm), with a maximum frequency of 450khz. the ic's low quiescent current (30µa) provides excellent light-load efficiency without sacrificing full-load capability.
inserting an external, discrete charge pump (consisting of c3, c4, and the schottky diodes) in the feedback path of ic1 produces an inverter-quadrupler circuit whose regulated output level is set by the ratio of feedback resistors r1 and r2:
vout = -vin (r1/r2)
configured as shown, the circuit provides up to 15ma at vout = -18v, with 76% efficiency and 60mv of output voltage ripple. lower vout allows higher output currents: vout = -15v yields 20ma, and vout = -12v yields 30ma.
a similar idea appeared in the 3/9/98 issue of electronic design.
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